Abstract—Technological developments in the Internet of Things are increasing rapidly so that a protocol is needed to realize a smart city, one of which is by using LoRaWAN network connectivity as a LoRa communication protocol that supports the use of IoT at a frequency of 920-923 MHz. This study compares the spreading factor to the LoRaWAN network design. The area in this study is the city of Bandung with an area of up to 167.31 km2. The design of the LoRaWAN network uses coverage planning using Forsk Atoll 3.4.0 simulation software. The parameters used in this study are Spreading Factor (SF) 7 to 12, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Effective Signal Analysis. The results of the research parameter values were analyzed using MATLAB software in the form of a comparison chart. This study aims to compare the effect of using the spreading factor on the number of gateways needed to optimize gateway coverage for data transmission processes in the city of Bandung. The simulation results show that SF 7 requires 13 gates to cover the city of Bandung, which is the largest number of gates. Performance Effective Signal Analysis on SF 7 obtained the highest signal strength of −68.32 dBm. SINR performance on SF 12 obtained the highest signal strength of 10.87 dBm. A larger scatter factor will decrease the signal strength while the signal quality will increase because the sensitivity is better but it will increase the data transmission time and vice versa.

Keywords—spreading factor, LoRaWAN, coverage planning, gateway

Cite: Gilang Hijrian Fahreja, Khoirun Ni’amah, and Reni Dyah Wahyuningrum, “The Effect of Spreading Factor Value on the Number of Gateways in the LoRaWAN Network at Bandung City," Journal of Communications, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 768-775, December 2023. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.18.12.768-775


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