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JCM 2025 Vol.20(6): 694-713
Doi: 10.12720/jcm.20.6.694-713

High-Frequency Millimetre-Wave Carrier Generation Via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) At 43 GHz For Radio over Fibre (RoF) Systems

Romli Mohamad1, Sevia M. Idrus2,*, Osama Abuajwa1, Syamsuri Yaakob3, Zulfadzli Yusoff4,*, and M. Hafiz Mohamad Nor1
1TM Research and Development, TM Innovation Center, Lingkaran Teknokrat Timur, Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia
2Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
3WIPNET, Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
4Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Email: romli@tmrnd.com.my (R.M.); sevia@utm.my (S.M.I.); osama@tmrnd.com.my (O.A.); syamsuri@upm.edu.my (S.Y.); zulfadzli.yusoff@mmu.edu.my (Z.Y.); m.hafiz@tmrnd.com.my (M.H.M.N.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received January 14, 2025; revised March 19, 2025; accepted May 13, 2025; published November 21, 2025.

Abstract—This paper addresses the optimisation of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Stokes Generator for 43 GHz millimetre-wave carrier generation to enhance highfrequency signal distribution in Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) applications. SBS is leveraged to generate millimetre-wave signals that are otherwise complex with conventional electronic devices. The study focuses on key optimisations, including replacing high-power Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs) with more efficient conventional EDFAs and permanently splicing fibre connections to reduce backreflected power and improve long-term system stability. Additionally, phase noise issues are addressed through alternative seed signal modulation and Stokes wave coupling. Our results demonstrate a modulation depth improvement from 48% to 96%, contributing to better system performance. Moreover, the use of conventional EDFAs leads to a 40% reduction in power usage, cutting hardware costs by 20−30% while maintaining functionality. Future work should explore the use of fibre lasers and additional filtering and stabilisation techniques to further enhance system robustness. This work highlights the feasibility of optimising SBS for stable and efficient high-frequency wireless communication at 40 GHz and beyond. The performance evaluation shows significant improvements, including consistent 43 GHz carrier generation, enhanced carrier stability, signal quality, modulation depth, and Q-factor performance. This optimised system suits RoF, 5G, and next-generation wireless networks.


Keywords—5G, Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA), millimetre wave, Radio-over-Fibre (RoF), Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)


Cite: Romli Mohamad, Sevia M. Idrus, Osama Abuajwa, Syamsuri Yaakob, Zulfadzli Yusoff,and M. Hafiz Mohamad Nor, “High-Frequency Millimetre-Wave Carrier Generation Via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) At 43 GHz For Radio over Fibre (RoF) Systems," Journal of Communications, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 694-713, 2025.

Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

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