Abstract—Terahertz (THz) spectrum communication is currently widely used to satisfy the need for ultra-high bandwidth in the future. The Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technique enhances network capacity by accommodating more users and enabling multiplexing. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing Energy Efficiency (EE) in THz-MIMO systems. Leveraging channel correlation properties, we introduce a THz-MIMO framework that considers both power consumption and implementation complexity. A hybrid precoding strategy based on a sub-connection architecture is adopted to improve system performance. Additionally, this paper thoroughly evaluates key THz precoding algorithms for next-generation 6G networks, highlighting critical challenges and future opportunities. Differences between millimeter-wave and THz channels are explored, alongside challenges unique to THz precoding, such as distance-dependent direction loss, beam split effects, and high-power consumption. To address these issues, three distinct THz precoding systems, including hybrid precoding, are proposed, and their performance is compared to existing methods. Simulation results reveal that the proposed approach enhances energy efficiency, reduces power consumption, and achieves an improved sum rate in THz cache-enabled networks.


Keywords—precoding, Terahertz (THz), antenna, energy efficiency


Cite: Radha Krishna Karne, Ashok Battula, Krishnaveni B. V., P. Sheker, Laxmi Kantha B., Damodar S. Hotkar, Kasapaka Rubenraju, and Kallem Niranjan Kallem Niranjan Reddy, “Energy Efficient Hybrid Precoding in Terahertz MIMO Systems," Journal of Communications, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 536-541, 2025.


Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).