Home > Published Issues > 2026 > Volume 21, No. 1, 2026 >
JCM 2026 Vol.21(1): 115-126
Doi: 10.12720/jcm.21.1.115-126

Resilient UAV Swarm-to-Ground Communication via Relay-Driven DSR Protocol

Umut Aydemir1, Sami Pekdemir1, and Fethi Candan2,*
1Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
2Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye
Email: umuta@erciyes.edu.tr (U.A.); samipekdemir@erciyes.edu.tr (S.P.); fethicandan@ankara.edu.tr (F.C.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received August 28, 2025; revised October 14, 2025; accepted October 22, 2025; published February 10, 2026.

Abstract—The operational effectiveness of autonomous drone swarms is critically dependent on resilient communication, particularly for the transmission of high-bandwidth, qualitysensitive data from a leader drone to a ground station in infrastructure-less environments. This study addresses the limitations of standard routing protocols in such scenarios by proposing and evaluating a novel, relay-driven communication strategy for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs). The purpose of this research is to enhance the reliability of Swarm-to-Ground (S2G) data links through a quality-driven optimization approach. The methodology involves augmenting the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol with an intelligent, multi-objective relay selection algorithm. Our methodology employs a quality-aware A* search algorithm, guided by a novel cost function that integrates predicted data fidelity with path distance. This allows the system to proactively discover a communication route that offers the optimal balance between network efficiency and the integrity of the mission-critical data payload. The system’s performance was validated in the Webots simulation platform using a swarm of Crazyflie 2.0 (CF2) nano-quadcopter models within a challenging 80 m × 80 m operational area featuring obstacles. The principal results of the simulation demonstrate that the framework successfully leverages follower drones as a dynamic relay infrastructure, maintaining a high-fidelity data link even when the leader is beyond direct communication range. The major conclusion is that this quality-aware routing strategy significantly enhances communication resilience and data integrity compared to standard, reactive protocols, enabling the robust transmission of diverse sensor data and facilitating more complex, long-range swarm missions.


Keywords—Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANET), drone swarm communication, relay selection algorithm, resilient communication, multi-hop networks, Quality of Service (QoS), Webots


Cite: Umut Aydemir, Sami Pekdemir, and Fethi Candan, “Resilient UAV Swarm-to-Ground Communication via Relay-Driven DSR Protocol," Journal of Communications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 115-126, 2026.


Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
 

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