Abstract—Multiple paths have been used to provide loadbalancingof traffic and resilience to node failures in mobilead-hoc networks or sensor networks. In addition, the energyexpenditure can be distributed among nodes over themultiple paths. However, most existing multi-path routingprotocols require their complex procedures such as localrepair or periodic reconstruction of the multiple paths,during which much loss of packet is even experienced. Inthis paper, we therefore propose two versions of an EnergyefficientData Gathering technique using Multiple paths(EDGM), which are more suitable for highly populatedwireless sensor networks in terms of having more simpleand resilient features than other existing techniques. One ofthem is to make use of the multiple shortest paths strictly.The other is to use a neighbor node’s path towards the sinknode at the expense of using much longer paths to providemore resilience to node failures. By simulation using ns-2simulator, we prove that EDGM versions achieve two goalssatisfactorily: energy-saving and resilience to node failure.

Index Terms—wireless sensor network, resilience, energysaving,multiple paths, neighbor knowledge

Cite: Joungsik Kim and Dongkyun Kim, "Energy-efficient Data Gathering Techniques Using Multiple Paths for Providing Resilience to Node Failures in Wireless Sensor Networks," Journal of Communications, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 21-28, 2006.